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Planning
> Insurance at a Glance
Conventional insurance
allows a patient to choose any doctor, and go to virtually any hospital
anywhere in the country. You have the assurance that your doctor's
medical recommendations are made entirely in your best interest. Managed
Care plans are corporations serving large groups of people through
a method of financing and delivering health care for a set fee using
a network of physicians and other health care providers. The network
coordinates and refers patients to its health providers and hospitals,
and monitors the amount and patterns of care delivered. Managed care
plans usually limit which services patients may receive by using "gatekeepers",
or primary care physicians, to make sure services considered unnecessary,
or referrals outside the network are kept to a minimum.
An HMO (Health
Maintenance Organization) is the most common form of "managed care".
It is a group that contracts with medical facilities, physicians,
employers and sometimes individual patients to provide medical care
to a group of individuals. This care is usually paid for by an employer
at a fixed price per patient. Patients generally do not have any significant
"out-of-pocket" expenses. An HMO may, however, control the amount
of health care the doctor is allowed to provide. Many HMOs require
that you choose a primary care doctor from their list. Unless this
practitioner decides your medical problem is outside his expertise,
you may not receive approval to see a specialist. Likewise, many HMOs
limit patients to selected hospitals.
A PPO (Preferred
Provider Organization) is a managed care organization that contracts
with a network of doctors, hospitals and other health care providers
who deliver services for set fees, usually at a discount to the managed
care organization. In a PPO, consumers must choose primary health
providers from an approved list and must pay extra for specialty services
received outside the PPO group.
A POS (Point of
Service Plan) is a health plan whose members can choose their services
when they need them, either in the HMO or from a provider outside
the HMO, at some cost to the member, or a plan in which the primary
provider directs services and referrals.
Medicare is a
health insurance program for people 65 years of age and older, some
people with disabilities under age 65 and people with end-stage renal
disease requiring dialysis or transplant. Medicare has two parts,
Part A and Part B.
Part A covers
hospital insurance; most people do not have to pay for Part A. This
helps pay for care in hospitals as an inpatient, critical access hospitals
(small facilities in rural areas with limited inpatient and outpatient
services), skilled nursing facilities, hospice care and some home
health care.
Part B covers
medical insurance; most people pay monthly for Part B. This helps
pay for doctors, services, outpatient hospital care and some other
medical services that Part A does not cover, such as physical and
occupational therapy and some home health care. Part B helps pay for
these services when they are medically necessary.
Medicaid is a
jointly funded federal/state health insurance program for certain
low-income and needy people. It covers approximately 36 million individuals
including children, the elderly, the blind and/or disabled and people
who are eligible to receive federally assisted income maintenance
payments.
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